For example, One country can have one prime minister (one to one), and a prime minister can have many ministers (one to many). Let's understand the relationship with real-time examples. There can be four types of association between the objects: Here, one object can be associated with one object or many objects. AssociationĪssociation represents the relationship between the objects. However, the java.util package is a weakly cohesive package because it has unrelated classes and interfaces. The java.io package is a highly cohesive package because it has I/O related classes and interface. The weakly cohesive method will split the task into separate parts. A single well-defined task is done by a highly cohesive method. CohesionĬohesion refers to the level of a component which performs a single well-defined task. You can use interfaces for the weaker coupling because there is no concrete implementation. In Java, we use private, protected, and public modifiers to display the visibility level of a class, method, and field. If a class has the details information of another class, there is strong coupling. It arises when classes are aware of each other. CouplingĬoupling refers to the knowledge or information or dependency of another class. Java bean is the fully encapsulated class because all the data members are private here. For example, a capsule, it is wrapped with different medicines.Ī java class is the example of encapsulation. Encapsulationīinding (or wrapping) code and data together into a single unit are known as encapsulation. In Java, we use abstract class and interface to achieve abstraction. For example phone call, we don't know the internal processing. Hiding internal details and showing functionality is known as abstraction. In Java, we use method overloading and method overriding to achieve polymorphism.Īnother example can be to speak something for example, a cat speaks meow, dog barks woof, etc. For example: to convince the customer differently, to draw something, for example, shape, triangle, rectangle, etc. If one task is performed in different ways, it is known as polymorphism. It is used to achieve runtime polymorphism. When one object acquires all the properties and behaviors of a parent object, it is known as inheritance. It is a logical entity.Ī class can also be defined as a blueprint from which you can create an individual object. as well as behaviors like wagging the tail, barking, eating, etc.Ĭollection of objects is called class. The only necessary thing is the type of message accepted and the type of response returned by the objects.Įxample: A dog is an object because it has states like color, name, breed, etc. Objects can communicate without knowing the details of each other's data or code. An object contains an address and takes up some space in memory. It can be physical or logical.Īn Object can be defined as an instance of a class. For example, a chair, pen, table, keyboard, bike, etc. It simplifies software development and maintenance by providing some concepts:Īpart from these concepts, there are some other terms which are used in Object-Oriented design:Īny entity that has state and behavior is known as an object. Object-Oriented Programming is a methodology or paradigm to design a program using classes and objects. Object means a real-world entity such as a pen, chair, table, computer, watch, etc. OOPs (Object-Oriented Programming System) The main aim of object-oriented programming is to implement real-world entities, for example, object, classes, abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism, etc. The popular object-oriented languages are Java, C#, PHP, Python, C++, etc. Smalltalk is considered the first truly object-oriented programming language. The programming paradigm where everything is represented as an object is known as a truly object-oriented programming language. Simula is considered the first object-oriented programming language. Object-Oriented Programming is a paradigm that provides many concepts, such as inheritance, data binding, polymorphism, etc. In this page, we will learn about the basics of OOPs. Difference between Object-oriented and Object-based programming language.Advantage of OOPs over Procedure-oriented programming language.
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